The hot air balloon is the oldest successful human-carrying flight technology, with a history stretching back to the early 18th-century, when Portuguese priest Bartolomeu de Gusmão drew plans for a hot-air balloon in 1709. On November 21, 1783, in Paris, France, the first flight carrying humans was made by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent d'Arlandes in a balloon invented by the Montgolfier brothers.
Hot air balloons that can be propelled through the air rather than just being pushed along by the wind are known as airships or, more commonly, thermal airships.
A hot air balloon consists of a bag called the envelope that is capable of containing heated air. Suspended beneath is the gondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule) which carries the passengers and a source of heat. The heated air inside the envelope makes it buoyant since it has a lower density than the relatively cold air outside the envelope. Unlike gas balloons, the envelope does not have to be sealed at the bottom since the air near the bottom of the envelope is at the same pressure as the surrounding air. In today's sport balloons the envelope is generally made from nylon fabric and the mouth of the balloon (closest to the burner flame) is made from fire resistant material such as Nomex.
Recently, balloon envelopes have been made in all kinds of shapes, such as hot dogs, rocket ships, and the shapes of commercial products.
From：Wikipedia ── Hot air balloon
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